Terrace leaks and the ceiling stain below: finding the source and who pays

A ceiling stain that grows after rain usually starts on the terrace above. How to find the source in dry weather, how to tell it from condensation, and who pays in a shared building.
What salt damp is, and why painting over it always fails

White powder and flaking paint at the bottom of an old wall is usually salt damp, not mould and not a leak. What causes it in Algarve houses, why paint never holds, how it is treated and what it costs.